| Glossary |
| [A] [B] [C] [D] [E]
[F] [G] [H] [ I ]
[J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P]
[Q] [R] [S] [T] [V] [W] [ X]
[Y] [Z] |
| ABR |
Acrylate-butadiene rubber |
| Abrasion A |
The abrasion A
in mm³ is the volumetric loss determined in accordance with the test
conditions laid down for this test method suffered by a defined test
body when this is moved along a defined abrasion path while pressed
with a defined pressure against a sheet of emery paper of defined
attack strength (reference attack strength). |
| Adhesive force |
The adhesive
force in accordance with this standard is the maximum force which
arises when the elastomer is peeled off from the rigid plate of a
standard test body at an angle of 90 °C (DIN 53531 T1) |
| Adhesion |
The bond between
a rubber surface and a nonrubber surface (e. g., metal, concrete);
the strength of the bond between two uncured rubber surfaces or
plies. |
| Adhesive |
Part of a cement
system applied over prepared surfaces for bonding them to
rubber |
| Attack strength |
The attack
strength S in mg of the sheet of test emery paper is the loss in
mass of a defined test body from the control elastomer that is moved
over this sheet under defined test condi-tions (DIN
53516) |
| Autoclave |
A heavy steel
vessel in which rubber articles are vulcanized by means of steam
and/or hot air and under pressure. |
| Autoclave cure |
The rubber-lined
equipment is placed in an autoclave and subjected to steam and/or
hot air under controlled temperature and pressure. This method of
curing is preferred because it allows better heat transfer and a
shorter cure cycle
|
| BIIR |
Brom-isobutene-isoprene rubber
(usually designated
brombutyl rubber) |
| Blister |
A cavity within
the lining material, between the lining materials layers, or between
the lining and substrate. |
| BR |
Butadiene rubber
(polybutadiene rubber) |
| Butt joint |
A joint made in
a rubber part before or after vulcanization by placing the two
pieces to be joined edge-to-edge. |
| Butyl rubber |
Isobutene-isoprene rubber (IIR), synthetic rubber, soft
rubber, chlorobutyl and bromobutyl rubber as variants containing
halogens with modified properties, high chemical resistance and high
resistance to permeation, resistant to ozone and
weathering
|
| Calender |
A machine
equipped with two or more heavy, internally heated or cooled rolls
used for the continuous sheeting or "plying up" of rubber
compounds. |
| Chloro-butyl |
Chloro-isobutene-isoprene rubber (CIIR) |
| Chlorosulfonated polyethylene |
Synthetic rubber
(CSM), soft rubber, good resistance to oxidation (usually designated
Hypalon) |
| CIIR |
Chloro-isobutene-isoprene rubber (usually designated
chloro-butyl rubber) |
| Contact adhesive |
Glue, used for
the application of pre-vulcanized rubber material |
| CR |
Chloroprene
rubber / Neoprene rubber (Du Pont) |
| CSM |
Chlorosulfonated
polyethylene (usually designated Hypalon) |
| Cure - chemical |
Vulcanization is
achieved at ambient temperatures by typicaly applying a liquid
vulcanizing agent to the surface of the rubber. Supplementary heat
can help to speed up the cure. |
| Curing |
The act of
vulcanization; a description of a definite time and temperature of
vulcanization.
|
| Density |
The density of a
material is the quotient from the mass m and the volume V (DIN
53479) |
| Durometer gauge |
Apparatus for
determining the hardness of rubber by measuring its resistance to
the penetration of a blunt indenter point impressed on the surface
by spring action. |
| Durometer hardness |
An arbitrary
numerical value that measures the resistance to indentation of the
blunt indenter point of the durometer. Shore hardness, Shore A for
soft rubber, Shore D for Ebonite/hard rubber
|
| Elastomers |
Polymeric
materials (cured goods) which are solidified in a glasslike manner
at temperatures significantly below 0 °C and which do not flow in a
viscous manner even at high temperatures but behave elastically in
the range between their glass point and their decomposition
temperature |
| Elongation at tear |
The elongation
at tear is the quotient of the change Lt - L0 of the test length as measured at the moment of tear and the
original length L0 of the test body (DIN
53504) |
| Extruder |
A machine for
continuous forming of rubber by forcing through a die.
|
| Glue |
Contact
adhesive
|
| Holiday Test |
High voltage
spark test for the detection of pinholes (vide "spark
tester") |
| Hypalon |
Trade name and
the designation usual in the USA for chloro-sulfonated rubber
(CSR)
|
| IIR |
Isobutene-isoprene rubber (usually designated butyl
rubber) |
| Internal mixer |
Mixing unit for
the production of rubber mixtures |
| IR |
Isoprene rubber,
synthetically manufactured NR
|
| Lap joint |
A joint made by
overlapping the edge of one piece of material flat over the edge of
another. |
| Layer thickness of the rubber lining |
Thickness of the
rubber lining applied, usually nominal thickness +/- 10 %
|
| Mixing mill |
Driven pair of
rollers for the production of rubber mixtures as well as for the
plasticizing, homogenizing, preheating and rough-crushing of
rubber |
| Mooney |
Test with the
shearing disk viscosimeter according to Mooney
|
| Natural rubber, hard |
Natural rubber
or polymer of isoprene (NR), characterized by good processability
and resistance to a wide range of chemical agents, shows duroplastic
properties |
| Natural rubber, soft |
Natural rubber
or polymer of isoprene (NR), lower degree of cross-linking than hard
natural rubber, high abrasion resistance, medium chemical
resistance |
| NBR |
Acrylnitrile-butadiene rubber (usually designated nitrile
rubber) |
| NCR |
Acrylnitrile-chloroprene rubber |
| Neoprene |
Trade name, the
usual designation in the USA for chlororprene
rubber |
| NIR |
Acrylnitrile-isoprene rubber |
| NR |
Natural rubber
(latex), plantation rubber |
| Overlay |
The addition of
another layer of lining over an in-place lining construction before
vulcanization.
|
| Parting force |
The parting
force is the adhesive force related to the width of the test body
(DIN 53531 T1) |
| Prevulcanization time t35 |
The
prevulcanization time is the time in minutes from the start of the
measurement up to the point in time at which the Mooney viscosity
has risen by 35 Mooney units above the viscosity minimum (DIN 53523
T4). |
| Prevulcanization time t5 |
The
prevulcanization time is the time in minutes from the start of the
measurement up to the point in time at which the Mooney viscosity
has risen by 5 Mooney units above the viscosity minimum. It is also
termed the precuring or scorch time (DIN 53523 T4). |
| Pinhole |
A small,
pore-like defect or leak extending entirely through the lining
thickness and appearing as a discontinuity; synonymous with
"holiday". |
| Polychloroprene |
Chloroprene
rubber (CR), synthetic rubber, polymer of 2-chlorobutadiene, can be
vulcanized to soft rubber, shows good chemical resistance as well as
resistance to ageing, weathering and abrasion, and has medium
resistance to oils |
| Polyisoprene |
Isoprene rubber
(IR), synthetic version of natural rubber, is used instead of or
mixed with natural rubber, can be processed to hard or soft
rubber |
| Primer |
The first coat
of an adhesive system applied over a prepared surface for adhesion
of rubber.
|
| Roller-Head-Anlage |
High performance
extruder with wide extrusion head and two-roller
calender |
| Rubber |
Natural rubber
or any synthetic, elastomeric material with physical properties
similar to those of natural rubber. |
| Rubber sheets - calendered |
Several plyers
of thin rubber foils of the same or different qualities applied to
one rubber sheet |
| Rubber sheets - extruded |
Continuous
extrusion of rubber sheets or hoses in one layer |
| Rubber sheets - precured |
Rubber sheets,
partially or completely cured in an autoclave prior
application |
| Rebound resilience |
The rebound
resilience R is the ratio of the energy recovered to the energy
expended (DIN 53512)
|
| SBR |
Styrene-butadiene rubber |
| Shore hardness |
To be understood
as the Shore hardness is the resistance exercised by the test
material to a body of defined shape being pressed into it under a
defined spring pressure (DIN 53505), Shore A for soft rubber, Shore
D for Ebonite/hard rubber |
| Self-curing |
Term applied to
rubber mixtures that cure and cross-link on their own at room
temperture or at elevated temperatures |
| Shore A |
Hardness test in
accordance with Shore A (DIN 53505) for hard
rubber |
| Shore D |
Hardness test in
accordance with Shore D (DIN 53505) for hard rubber |
| SIR |
Styrene-isoprene
rubber |
| Spark tester |
A high-voltage
test unit used to detect breaks or holes in a lining. |
| Steam Cure |
The pressure
vessel is used as its own autoclave by closing off all openings and
filling the vessel with steam under controlled temperature and
pressure. The temperature of the steam and steel skin shall be
monitored and a log shall be kept. |
| Substrate |
Carrier material
for the corrosion protection / wear protection with rubber such as
C-steel, stainless steel, glass-fibre reinforced plastic
|
| Tearing resistance |
The resistance
to tearing is the quotient of the force Ft as measured at
the moment of tearing and the initial cross-section A0 of
the test body (DIN 53504) |
| Tie gum |
A backing layer
of rubber employed to promote bonding of two surfaces; usually a
soft rubber compound.
|
| Viscosity minimum |
The viscosity
minimum Mmin is the figure displayed on the shearing disk
viscosimeter at the minimum of the torque (expressed in Mooney
units) - time curve (DIN 53523 T4) |
| Vulcanization |
An irreversible
process during which a rubber compound achieves its designed
properties through a change in its chemical structure.
|
| Wrinkle |
A crease in the
rubber; thickness is reduced in the valleys of the crease.
|
|
